GIF89a=( �' 7IAXKgNgYvYx\%wh&h}t�h%�s%x�}9�R��&�0%� (�.��5�SD��&�a)�x5��;ͣ*ȡ&ղ)ׯ7׵<ѻ4�3�H֧KͯT��Y�aq��q��F� !� ' !� NETSCAPE2.0 , =( ��pH,�Ȥr�l:xШtJ�Z�جv��z��xL.:��z�n���|N�����~�������& !�0`9R�}��"�"a:S�~x��������g���E�������R���E����B�� ��ȸ��D���"�Ů� �H��L��D٫D�B�����D���T���H �G��A R�ڐ |�� ٭&��E8�S�kG�A�px�a��� R2XB��E8I���6X�:vT)�~��q�賥��"F~%x� � 4#Z�0O|-4Bs�X:= Q� Sal��yXJ`GȦ|s h��K3l7�B|�$'7Jީܪ0!��D�n=�P� ����0`�R�lj����v>���5 �.69�ϸd�����nlv�9��f{���Pbx �l5}�p� ��� �3a���I�O����!ܾ���i��9��#��)p�a ޽ �{�)vm��%D~ 6f��s}Œ�D�W E�`!� �&L8x� �ܝ{)x`X/>�}m��R�*|`D�=�_ ^�5 !_&'a�O�7�c��`DCx`�¥�9�Y�F���`?��"� �n@`�} lď��@4>�d S �v�xN��"@~d��=�g�s~G��� ���ud &p8Q�)ƫlXD����A~H�ySun�j���k*D�LH�] ��C"J��Xb~ʪwSt}6K,��q�S:9ت:���l�@�`�� �.۬�t9�S�[:��=`9N����{¿�A !R�:���6��x�0�_ �;������^���#����!����U���;0L1�����p% A��U̬ݵ��%�S��!���~`�G���� ���=4�np�3���������u�u�ٮ|%2�I��r�#0��J``8�@S@5� ���^`8E�]�.�S���7 � �0�j S�D� z���i�S�����!���l��w9*�D�I�nEX��� &A�Go�Qf��F��;���}�J����F5��Q|���X��T��y���]� o ��C=��:���PB@ D׽S�(>�C�x}`��xJЬ�۠��p+eE0`�}`A �/NE�� �9@��� H�7�!%B0`�l*��!8 2�%� �:�1�0E��ux%nP1�!�C)�P81l�ɸF#Ƭ{����B0>�� �b�`��O3��()yRpb��E.ZD8�H@% �Rx+%���c� ���f��b�d�`F�"8�XH"��-�|1�6iI, 2�$+](A*j� QT�o0.�U�`�R�}`�SN����yae�����b��o~ S)�y�@��3 �tT�0�&�+~L�f"�-|�~��>!�v��~�\Q1)}@�}h#aP72�"�$ !� " , =( &7IAXG]KgNgYvYxR"k\%w]'}h}t�h%�g+�s%r.m3ax3�x�}9��&��+�!7�0%� (�.�SD��&��;�"&ײ)׻4��6�K� �@pH,�Ȥr�l:xШtJ�Z�جv��z��xL.:��z�n���|N�����~�������& !�0`9R�}��"�"a:S�~x��������g �� E �� �������E �´��C���ǶR��D��"Ʒ�ʱH��M��GڬD�B����D��T����G���C�C� l&�~:'�tU�6ɹ#��)�'�.6�&��Ȼ K(8p0N�?!�2"��NIJX>R��OM '��2�*x�>#n� �@<[:�I�f ��T���Cdb��[�}E�5MBo��@�`@��tW-3 �x�B���jI�&E�9[T&$��ﯧ&"s��ȳ����dc�UUρ#���ldj?����`\}���u|3'�R]�6 �S#�!�FKL�*N E���`$�:e�YD�q�.�촁�s \-�jA 9�����-��M[�x(�s��x�|���p��}k�T�DpE@W� ��]k`1� ���Yb ��0l��*n0��"~zBd�~u�7�0Bl��0-�x~|U�U0 �h�*HS�|��e"#"?vp�i`e6^�+q��`m8 #V�� ��VS|`��"m"сSn|@:U���~`pb�G�ED����2F�I�? >�x� R� ��%~jx��<�a�9ij�2�D��&: Z`�]w���:�6��B�7eFJ|�ҧ�,���FǮcS�ʶ+B�,�ܺN���>PAD�HD��~���n��}�#�� Q��S���2�X�{�k�lQ�2�����w�|2� h9��G�,m���3��6-��E�L��I�³*K���q�`DwV�QXS��peS��� qܧTS����R�u �<�a�*At�lmE� � ��N[P1�ۦ��$��@`��Dpy�yXvCAy�B`}D� 0QwG#� �a[^�� $���Ǧ{L�"[��K�g�;�S~��GX.�goT.��ư��x���?1z��x~:�g�|�L� ��S`��0S]P�^p F<""�?!,�!N4&P� ����:T�@h�9%t��:�-~�I<`�9p I&.)^ 40D#p@�j4�ج:�01��rܼF2oW�#Z ;$Q q  �K��Nl#29 !F@�Bh�ᏬL!XF�LHKh�.�hE&J�G��<"WN!�����Y@� >R~19J"�2,/ &.GXB%�R�9B6�W]���W�I�$��9�RE8Y� ��"�A5�Q.axB�&ة�J�! �t)K%tS-�JF b�NMxL��)�R��"���6O!TH�H� 0 !� ) , =( &AXKgNgYvYxR"k\%wh&h}h%�g+�s%r.x3�x�}9��&��+�R,�!7�0%� (�.��5��&�a)��;�"&ף*Ȳ)ׯ7׻4�3��6�H֧KͻH�T��Y��q��h� ��pH,�Ȥr�l:xШtJ�Z�جv��z��xL.:��z�n���|N�����~�������& !�0`9R�}��"�"a:S�~x��������g �� E$����� � ����$E$��"��D� � ������R��C��� E ��H�M��G�D� �B��ϾD��a��`1r��Ӑ�� �o~�zU!L�C'�yW�UGt����ll�0���uG�)A�s[��x� �xO%��X2�  P�n:R/��aHae+�Dm?# ǣ6�8�J�x�Di�M���j���5oQ7�- <! *�l��R2r/a!l)d� A"�E���� &� ;��c �%����b��pe~C"B���H�eF2��`8qb�t_`ur`e� w�u3��Pv�h""�`�Íx�LĹ��3� �~ֺ�:���MDfJ� �۵�W�%�S�X �؁)�@��:E��w�u�Sxb8y\m�zS��Zb�E�L��w!y(>�"w�=�|��s�d �C�W)H�cC$�L �7r.�\{)@�`@ �X�$PD `aaG:���O�72E�amn]�"Rc�x�R� &dR8`g��i�xLR!�P &d����T���i�|�_ � Qi�#�`g:��:noM� :V �)p����W&a=�e�k� j���1߲s�x�W�jal|0��B0�, \j۴:6���C ��W��|��9���zĸV {�;��n��V�m�I��.��PN� ����C��+��By�ѾHŸ:��� 7�Y�FTk�SaoaY$D�S���29R�kt� ��f� ��:��Sp�3�I��DZ� �9���g��u�*3)O��[_hv ,���Et x�BH� �[��64M@�S�M7d�l�ܶ5-��U܍��z�R3Ԭ3~ ��P��5�g: ���kN�&0�j4���#{��3S�2�K�'ợl���2K{� {۶?~m𸧠�I�nE�='����^���_�=��~�#O���'���o..�Y�n��CSO��a��K��o,���b�����{�C�� "�{�K ��w��Ozdը�:$ ���v�] A#� ���a�z)Rx׿ƥ�d``�w-�y�f�K!����|��P��=�`�(f��'Pa ��BJa%��f�%`�}F����6>��`G"�}�=�!o`�^FP�ةQ�C���`(�}\�ݮ ��$<��n@dĠE#��U�I�!� #l��9`k���'Rr��Z�NB�MF �[�+9���-�wj���8�r� ,V�h"�|�S=�G_��"E� 0i*%̲��da0mVk�):;&6p>�jK ��# �D�:�c?:R Ӭf��I-�"�<�="��7�3S��c2RW ,�8(T"P0F¡Jh�" ; 403WebShell
403Webshell
Server IP : 173.249.157.85  /  Your IP : 18.117.158.174
Web Server : Apache
System : Linux server.frogzhost.com 3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Aug 25 17:23:54 UTC 2020 x86_64
User : econtech ( 1005)
PHP Version : 7.3.33
Disable Function : NONE
MySQL : OFF  |  cURL : OFF  |  WGET : ON  |  Perl : ON  |  Python : ON  |  Sudo : ON  |  Pkexec : ON
Directory :  /usr/share/doc/git-1.8.3.1/

Upload File :
current_dir [ Writeable ] document_root [ Writeable ]

 

Command :

[ Back ]     

Current File : /usr/share/doc/git-1.8.3.1//everyday.txt
Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So
===================================

<<Individual Developer (Standalone)>> commands are essential for
anybody who makes a commit, even for somebody who works alone.

If you work with other people, you will need commands listed in
the <<Individual Developer (Participant)>> section as well.

People who play the <<Integrator>> role need to learn some more
commands in addition to the above.

<<Repository Administration>> commands are for system
administrators who are responsible for the care and feeding
of Git repositories.


Individual Developer (Standalone)[[Individual Developer (Standalone)]]
----------------------------------------------------------------------

A standalone individual developer does not exchange patches with
other people, and works alone in a single repository, using the
following commands.

  * linkgit:git-init[1] to create a new repository.

  * linkgit:git-show-branch[1] to see where you are.

  * linkgit:git-log[1] to see what happened.

  * linkgit:git-checkout[1] and linkgit:git-branch[1] to switch
    branches.

  * linkgit:git-add[1] to manage the index file.

  * linkgit:git-diff[1] and linkgit:git-status[1] to see what
    you are in the middle of doing.

  * linkgit:git-commit[1] to advance the current branch.

  * linkgit:git-reset[1] and linkgit:git-checkout[1] (with
    pathname parameters) to undo changes.

  * linkgit:git-merge[1] to merge between local branches.

  * linkgit:git-rebase[1] to maintain topic branches.

  * linkgit:git-tag[1] to mark known point.

Examples
~~~~~~~~

Use a tarball as a starting point for a new repository.::
+
------------
$ tar zxf frotz.tar.gz
$ cd frotz
$ git init
$ git add . <1>
$ git commit -m "import of frotz source tree."
$ git tag v2.43 <2>
------------
+
<1> add everything under the current directory.
<2> make a lightweight, unannotated tag.

Create a topic branch and develop.::
+
------------
$ git checkout -b alsa-audio <1>
$ edit/compile/test
$ git checkout -- curses/ux_audio_oss.c <2>
$ git add curses/ux_audio_alsa.c <3>
$ edit/compile/test
$ git diff HEAD <4>
$ git commit -a -s <5>
$ edit/compile/test
$ git reset --soft HEAD^ <6>
$ edit/compile/test
$ git diff ORIG_HEAD <7>
$ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD <8>
$ git checkout master <9>
$ git merge alsa-audio <10>
$ git log --since='3 days ago' <11>
$ git log v2.43.. curses/ <12>
------------
+
<1> create a new topic branch.
<2> revert your botched changes in `curses/ux_audio_oss.c`.
<3> you need to tell Git if you added a new file; removal and
modification will be caught if you do `git commit -a` later.
<4> to see what changes you are committing.
<5> commit everything as you have tested, with your sign-off.
<6> take the last commit back, keeping what is in the working tree.
<7> look at the changes since the premature commit we took back.
<8> redo the commit undone in the previous step, using the message
you originally wrote.
<9> switch to the master branch.
<10> merge a topic branch into your master branch.
<11> review commit logs; other forms to limit output can be
combined and include `--max-count=10` (show 10 commits),
`--until=2005-12-10`, etc.
<12> view only the changes that touch what's in `curses/`
directory, since `v2.43` tag.


Individual Developer (Participant)[[Individual Developer (Participant)]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------

A developer working as a participant in a group project needs to
learn how to communicate with others, and uses these commands in
addition to the ones needed by a standalone developer.

  * linkgit:git-clone[1] from the upstream to prime your local
    repository.

  * linkgit:git-pull[1] and linkgit:git-fetch[1] from "origin"
    to keep up-to-date with the upstream.

  * linkgit:git-push[1] to shared repository, if you adopt CVS
    style shared repository workflow.

  * linkgit:git-format-patch[1] to prepare e-mail submission, if
    you adopt Linux kernel-style public forum workflow.

Examples
~~~~~~~~

Clone the upstream and work on it.  Feed changes to upstream.::
+
------------
$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../torvalds/linux-2.6 my2.6
$ cd my2.6
$ edit/compile/test; git commit -a -s <1>
$ git format-patch origin <2>
$ git pull <3>
$ git log -p ORIG_HEAD.. arch/i386 include/asm-i386 <4>
$ git pull git://git.kernel.org/pub/.../jgarzik/libata-dev.git ALL <5>
$ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <6>
$ git gc <7>
$ git fetch --tags <8>
------------
+
<1> repeat as needed.
<2> extract patches from your branch for e-mail submission.
<3> `git pull` fetches from `origin` by default and merges into the
current branch.
<4> immediately after pulling, look at the changes done upstream
since last time we checked, only in the
area we are interested in.
<5> fetch from a specific branch from a specific repository and merge.
<6> revert the pull.
<7> garbage collect leftover objects from reverted pull.
<8> from time to time, obtain official tags from the `origin`
and store them under `.git/refs/tags/`.


Push into another repository.::
+
------------
satellite$ git clone mothership:frotz frotz <1>
satellite$ cd frotz
satellite$ git config --get-regexp '^(remote|branch)\.' <2>
remote.origin.url mothership:frotz
remote.origin.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
branch.master.remote origin
branch.master.merge refs/heads/master
satellite$ git config remote.origin.push \
           master:refs/remotes/satellite/master <3>
satellite$ edit/compile/test/commit
satellite$ git push origin <4>

mothership$ cd frotz
mothership$ git checkout master
mothership$ git merge satellite/master <5>
------------
+
<1> mothership machine has a frotz repository under your home
directory; clone from it to start a repository on the satellite
machine.
<2> clone sets these configuration variables by default.
It arranges `git pull` to fetch and store the branches of mothership
machine to local `remotes/origin/*` remote-tracking branches.
<3> arrange `git push` to push local `master` branch to
`remotes/satellite/master` branch of the mothership machine.
<4> push will stash our work away on `remotes/satellite/master`
remote-tracking branch on the mothership machine.  You could use this
as a back-up method.
<5> on mothership machine, merge the work done on the satellite
machine into the master branch.

Branch off of a specific tag.::
+
------------
$ git checkout -b private2.6.14 v2.6.14 <1>
$ edit/compile/test; git commit -a
$ git checkout master
$ git format-patch -k -m --stdout v2.6.14..private2.6.14 |
  git am -3 -k <2>
------------
+
<1> create a private branch based on a well known (but somewhat behind)
tag.
<2> forward port all changes in `private2.6.14` branch to `master` branch
without a formal "merging".


Integrator[[Integrator]]
------------------------

A fairly central person acting as the integrator in a group
project receives changes made by others, reviews and integrates
them and publishes the result for others to use, using these
commands in addition to the ones needed by participants.

  * linkgit:git-am[1] to apply patches e-mailed in from your
    contributors.

  * linkgit:git-pull[1] to merge from your trusted lieutenants.

  * linkgit:git-format-patch[1] to prepare and send suggested
    alternative to contributors.

  * linkgit:git-revert[1] to undo botched commits.

  * linkgit:git-push[1] to publish the bleeding edge.


Examples
~~~~~~~~

My typical Git day.::
+
------------
$ git status <1>
$ git show-branch <2>
$ mailx <3>
& s 2 3 4 5 ./+to-apply
& s 7 8 ./+hold-linus
& q
$ git checkout -b topic/one master
$ git am -3 -i -s -u ./+to-apply <4>
$ compile/test
$ git checkout -b hold/linus && git am -3 -i -s -u ./+hold-linus <5>
$ git checkout topic/one && git rebase master <6>
$ git checkout pu && git reset --hard next <7>
$ git merge topic/one topic/two && git merge hold/linus <8>
$ git checkout maint
$ git cherry-pick master~4 <9>
$ compile/test
$ git tag -s -m "GIT 0.99.9x" v0.99.9x <10>
$ git fetch ko && git show-branch master maint 'tags/ko-*' <11>
$ git push ko <12>
$ git push ko v0.99.9x <13>
------------
+
<1> see what I was in the middle of doing, if any.
<2> see what topic branches I have and think about how ready
they are.
<3> read mails, save ones that are applicable, and save others
that are not quite ready.
<4> apply them, interactively, with my sign-offs.
<5> create topic branch as needed and apply, again with my
sign-offs.
<6> rebase internal topic branch that has not been merged to the
master, nor exposed as a part of a stable branch.
<7> restart `pu` every time from the next.
<8> and bundle topic branches still cooking.
<9> backport a critical fix.
<10> create a signed tag.
<11> make sure I did not accidentally rewind master beyond what I
already pushed out.  `ko` shorthand points at the repository I have
at kernel.org, and looks like this:
+
------------
$ cat .git/remotes/ko
URL: kernel.org:/pub/scm/git/git.git
Pull: master:refs/tags/ko-master
Pull: next:refs/tags/ko-next
Pull: maint:refs/tags/ko-maint
Push: master
Push: next
Push: +pu
Push: maint
------------
+
In the output from `git show-branch`, `master` should have
everything `ko-master` has, and `next` should have
everything `ko-next` has.

<12> push out the bleeding edge.
<13> push the tag out, too.


Repository Administration[[Repository Administration]]
------------------------------------------------------

A repository administrator uses the following tools to set up
and maintain access to the repository by developers.

  * linkgit:git-daemon[1] to allow anonymous download from
    repository.

  * linkgit:git-shell[1] can be used as a 'restricted login shell'
    for shared central repository users.

link:howto/update-hook-example.txt[update hook howto] has a good
example of managing a shared central repository.


Examples
~~~~~~~~
We assume the following in /etc/services::
+
------------
$ grep 9418 /etc/services
git		9418/tcp		# Git Version Control System
------------

Run git-daemon to serve /pub/scm from inetd.::
+
------------
$ grep git /etc/inetd.conf
git	stream	tcp	nowait	nobody \
  /usr/bin/git-daemon git-daemon --inetd --export-all /pub/scm
------------
+
The actual configuration line should be on one line.

Run git-daemon to serve /pub/scm from xinetd.::
+
------------
$ cat /etc/xinetd.d/git-daemon
# default: off
# description: The Git server offers access to Git repositories
service git
{
        disable = no
        type            = UNLISTED
        port            = 9418
        socket_type     = stream
        wait            = no
        user            = nobody
        server          = /usr/bin/git-daemon
        server_args     = --inetd --export-all --base-path=/pub/scm
        log_on_failure  += USERID
}
------------
+
Check your xinetd(8) documentation and setup, this is from a Fedora system.
Others might be different.

Give push/pull only access to developers.::
+
------------
$ grep git /etc/passwd <1>
alice:x:1000:1000::/home/alice:/usr/bin/git-shell
bob:x:1001:1001::/home/bob:/usr/bin/git-shell
cindy:x:1002:1002::/home/cindy:/usr/bin/git-shell
david:x:1003:1003::/home/david:/usr/bin/git-shell
$ grep git /etc/shells <2>
/usr/bin/git-shell
------------
+
<1> log-in shell is set to /usr/bin/git-shell, which does not
allow anything but `git push` and `git pull`.  The users should
get an ssh access to the machine.
<2> in many distributions /etc/shells needs to list what is used
as the login shell.

CVS-style shared repository.::
+
------------
$ grep git /etc/group <1>
git:x:9418:alice,bob,cindy,david
$ cd /home/devo.git
$ ls -l <2>
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 david git    17 Dec  4 22:40 HEAD -> refs/heads/master
  drwxrwsr-x   2 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 branches
  -rw-rw-r--   1 david git    84 Dec  4 22:40 config
  -rw-rw-r--   1 david git    58 Dec  4 22:40 description
  drwxrwsr-x   2 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 hooks
  -rw-rw-r--   1 david git 37504 Dec  4 22:40 index
  drwxrwsr-x   2 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 info
  drwxrwsr-x   4 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 objects
  drwxrwsr-x   4 david git  4096 Nov  7 14:58 refs
  drwxrwsr-x   2 david git  4096 Dec  4 22:40 remotes
$ ls -l hooks/update <3>
  -r-xr-xr-x   1 david git  3536 Dec  4 22:40 update
$ cat info/allowed-users <4>
refs/heads/master	alice\|cindy
refs/heads/doc-update	bob
refs/tags/v[0-9]*	david
------------
+
<1> place the developers into the same git group.
<2> and make the shared repository writable by the group.
<3> use update-hook example by Carl from Documentation/howto/
for branch policy control.
<4> alice and cindy can push into master, only bob can push into doc-update.
david is the release manager and is the only person who can
create and push version tags.

HTTP server to support dumb protocol transfer.::
+
------------
dev$ git update-server-info <1>
dev$ ftp user@isp.example.com <2>
ftp> cp -r .git /home/user/myproject.git
------------
+
<1> make sure your info/refs and objects/info/packs are up-to-date
<2> upload to public HTTP server hosted by your ISP.

Youez - 2016 - github.com/yon3zu
LinuXploit